Version May 2024
| Pleural effusion | Pleural effusion characteristics and supportive clinical features |
| Early nonspecific pleural effusions ≤30 days postoperatively | Typically left-sided, small, exudative, bloody, eosinophilic predominance (neutrophils may also be elevated), high LDH |
| Late nonspecific pleural effusions >30 days postoperatively | Typically left-sided, may be large or small, clear yellow, exudative, lymphocytic predominance, LDH marginally elevated |
| Post-cardiac injury syndrome (late > early) | Typically left-sided, large, exudative, lymphocytic predominance, may be bloody, associated pleuropericarditis with fever and pleuritic chest pain and antimyocardial antibodies |
| Heart failure (including constrictive pericarditis) | Bilateral, transudative, large or small, associated clinical features of pulmonary edema or fluid overload |
| Pulmonary embolism | Exudative, bloody, predilects to the affected side, associated clinical features of pulmonary embolism |
| Hemothorax | Typically left-sided, elevated pleural fluid hematocrit; associated decrease in serum hematocrit and/or blood pressure |
| Pneumonia or pleural infection (including trapped lung) | Left or right-sided, exudative, neutrophilic predominance, elevated WBC, elevated LDH, ± low pH and glucose, ± positive gram stain or culture, associated clinical and radiographic signs of infection |
| Infectious mediastinitis | Typically bilateral, exudative, elevated WBC and LDH, associated wide mediastinum, anterior chest pain |
| Chylothorax | Right or left-sided, exudative > transudative, milky appearance (unless intake is low), TG >110 mg/dL |
| Catheter erosion | Right or left-sided, pleural fluid characteristic reflective of the infusate, evidence of catheter displacement on imaging |
| Other | Any other cause that may or may not be unrelated to the surgery (eg, malignancy) (refer to UpToDate topics) |
آیا می خواهید مدیلیب را به صفحه اصلی خود اضافه کنید؟
