Version May 2024
| Medical comorbidities |
| Any potentially serious acute or chronic medical disorder (eg, involving the cardiovascular, pulmonary, renal, endocrine, hematologic, or neurologic systems; infection [eg, pneumonia, tuberculosis]) |
| Mental health disorders (including substance use) |
| Obesity |
| Obstetric factors |
| Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy |
| Gestational diabetes mellitus |
| Multiple gestation |
| Placenta accreta spectrum, placenta previa, placental abruption |
| Previous cesarean delivery |
| Short interpregnancy interval |
| Use of assisted reproductive technology |
| Fetal anomaly, particularly those in which invasive fetal therapy is an option |
| Past history of pregnancy complications (eg, preterm birth, stillbirth, fetal growth restriction) |
| Nonmedical factors |
| Advanced maternal age, especially age over 40 years |
| Disadvantaged or vulnerable population (includes lack of health insurance coverage) |
| Exposure to racism |
| Exposure to interpersonal violence |
| Language or literacy barriers |
| Undesired pregnancy |
| Provider factors |
| Delays in recognition, diagnosis, or referral of high-risk patients, which may be due to poor communication, lack of adequate training/expertise, or lack of adequate resources |
| Implicit bias |
| Resource-limited patient care setting |
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