Genetic |
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Infectious (extensive list but most common listed here) |
Bacterial/mycobacterial |
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Fungal |
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Viral |
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Parasitic |
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Inflammatory/autoimmune |
Acquired Inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the CNS |
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Other inflammatory/autoimmune |
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Neoplastic |
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Structural/other |
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Toxic/metabolic |
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Vascular |
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MELAS: mitochondrial encephalomyelopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes; CMV: cytomegalovirus; HSV: herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2; HTLV-1: human T-cell leukemia virus type 1; JC: John Cunningham; PML: progressive multifocal leukoencepalopathy; VZV: varicella zoster virus; ADEM: acute disseminated encephalomyelitis; IgG: immunoglobulin G; NMOSD: neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder; MOG: myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein; MS: multiple sclerosis; CRION: chronic relapsing inflammatory optic neuropathy; CNS: central nervous system; GABA: gamma aminobutyric acid; GFAP: glial fibrillary acidic protein; NMDA: N-methyl-D-aspartic acid; CRMP-5: collapsing-response-mediator-protein-5; SMART: stroke-like migraine after radiation therapy; CADASIL: cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy; DWI/ADC: diffusion-weighted-imagine/apparent-diffusion-coefficient; PRES: posterior reversible leukoencephalopathy syndrome.
* Can coexist with MOG-IgG with an overlap syndrome.
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