Examples of the typical clinical course with MOGAD, AQP4-NMOSD, and MS

The typical clinical course is depicted graphically, with the EDSS measure of disability on the y-axis and time on the x-axis. Each vertical bar represents an attack; the higher the bar, the more severe the attack at nadir. The horizontal lines represent stability between attacks, and the diagonal lines represent progressive worsening of disability between attacks. MOGAD shows moderate to severe disability at attack nadir followed by good recovery; there is mild accumulation of disability with each attack in relapsing disease. AQP4-NMOSD shows moderate to severe disability at attack nadir followed by moderate to poor recovery, leading to stepwise accumulation of moderate to severe disability with each attack. MS shows either mild attacks followed by good recovery (with relapsing disease) or slow progression over time (with primary and secondary progressive disease); most of the disability is accumulated in the progressive phase.