Morphologic tracheal wall injury

Level I

Mucosal or submucosal injury without mediastinal emphysema and esophageal injury

Level II

Lesion extending to the muscular wall with subcutaneous or mediastinal emphysema without esophageal injury or mediastinitis

Level IIIA

Complete laceration with esophageal or mediastinal soft-tissue herniation without esophageal injury or mediastinitis

Level IIIB

Any laceration with esophageal injury or mediastinitis

Reproduced from: Cardillo G, Carbone L, Carleo F, et al. Tracheal lacerations after endotracheal intubation: a proposed morphological classification to guide non-surgical treatment. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2010; 37(5):581-7. By permission of Oxford University Press. Copyright © 2010.

Graphic 132148 Version 6.0

خرید پکیج

Morphologic tracheal wall injury