Bedside ultrasound close-up view dilated IVC

This close-up ultrasound image shows a grossly dilated inferior vena cava (IVC). Possible causes include fluid overload, cardiac dysfunction (eg, acute decompensated heart failure), and obstruction (eg, pulmonary embolism, pericardial tamponade, pneumothorax).

From: Taylor RA, Moore CL. Echocardiography. In: Practical Guide to Emergency Ultrasound, 2nd ed, Cosby KS, Kendall JL (Eds), Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 2013. Copyright © 2013. Reproduced with permission from Wolters Kluwer Health. Unauthorized reproduction of this material is prohibited.

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Bedside ultrasound close-up view dilated IVC