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Assay-specific cutoffs for serum cortisol responses to 250 mcg cosyntropin IV in adults

Assay-specific cutoffs for serum cortisol responses to 250 mcg cosyntropin IV in adults
Cortisol assay method 30 minutes,
mcg/dL (nmol/L)
60 minutes,
mcg/dL (nmol/L)
Monoclonal immunoassay (eg, Roche Elecsys Cortisol II, Abbott Architect) 12.7 to 16.3 (351 to 450) 14.6 to 17.6 (403 to 486)
Polyclonal immunoassay (eg, Beckman Access, Siemens Advia Centaur XP, IMMULITE) 13.8 to 17.2 (382 to 474) 17.1 to 18.6 (472 to 514)
Testing performed in the morning. Cutoffs were determined by a variety of statistical methods. Healthy subject/patient characteristics varied between studies. A cortisol cutoff of 18 mcg/dL (497 nmol/L) has historically been used with older cortisol assays[8]. LC-MS/MS is not routinely used for serum cortisol analysis. Because the data supporting cutoffs for LC-MS/MS are limited, it is not listed here.
IV: intravenous; LC-MS/MS: liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Courtesy of Hershel Raff, PhD.

References:
  1. Grassi G, Morelli V, Ceriotti F, et al. Minding the gap between cortisol levels measured with second-generation assays and current diagnostic thresholds for the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency: A single-center experience. Hormones (Athens) 2020; 19:425.
  2. Javorsky BR, Raff H, Carroll TB, et al. New cutoffs for the biochemical diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency after ACTH stimulation using specific cortisol assays. J Endocr Soc 2021; 5:bvab022.
  3. El-Farhan N, Pickett A, Ducroq D, et al. Method-specific serum cortisol responses to the adrenocorticotrophin test: Comparison of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and five automated immunoassays. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2013; 78:673.
  4. Ueland GA, Methlie P, Oksnes M, et al. The short cosyntropin test revisited: New normal reference range using LC-MS/MS. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:1696.
  5. Elder CJ, Harrison, RF, Cross AS, et al. Use of salivary cortisol and cortisone in the high- and low-dose synacthen test. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2018; 88:772.
  6. Nolan BJ, Sorbello J, Brown N, et al. Characterization of the serum and salivary cortisol response to the intravenous 250 µg ACTH 1-24 stimulation test. Endocrine 2018; 59:520.
  7. Klose M, Lange M, Rasmussen AK, et al. Factors influencing the adrenocorticotropin test: role of contemporary cortisol assays, body composition, and oral contraceptive agents. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2007; 92:1326.
  8. Grinspoon SK, Biller BM. Clinical review 62: Laboratory assessment of adrenal insufficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1994; 79:923.
  9. Ramadoss V, Lazarus K, Prevost AT, et al. Improving the interpretation of afternoon cortisol levels and SSTs to prevent misdiagnosis of adrenal insufficiency. J Endocr Soc 2021; 5:bvab147.
  10. Birtolo MF, Antonini S, Saladino A, et al. ACTH stimulation test for the diagnosis of secondary adrenal insufficiency: Light and shadow. Biomedicines 2023; 11:904.
  11. Zha L, Li J, Krishnan SM, et al. New diagnostic cutoffs for adrenal insufficiency after cosyntropin stimulation using Abbott Architect cortisol immunoassay. Endocr Pract 2022; 28:684.
  12. Mahzari M, AlSohaim A, Al Mulla A, et al. Variations in cortisol response in patients with known and suspected adrenal insufficiency. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e32557.
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