Photographs and ultrasound images for different quadratus lumborum block approaches

(A–C) Lateral or posterior quadratus lumborum blocks. Transverse transducer and anteroposterior needle trajectory are shown. The external image and ultrasound images show the ultrasound probe position with a solid arrow indicating the needle trajectory for a lateral quadratus lumborum block and the dashed line indicating the needle trajectory for a posterior quadratus lumborum block approach. The red-/blue-shaded area represents the spread of the local anesthetic.
(D–F) Anterior quadratus lumborum block: transverse oblique paramedian approach. Transverse transducer and posteroanterior needle trajectory are shown. The external image and ultrasound images show the ultrasound probe position with an arrow indicating the needle trajectory. The blue-shaded area represents the spread of the local anesthetic.
(G–I) Anterior quadratus lumborum block: subcostal approach. Parasagittal oblique transducer and caudal-to-cranial needle trajectory are shown. The external image and ultrasound images show the ultrasound probe position with an arrow indicating the needle trajectory. The blue-shaded area represents the spread of the local anesthetic.