Selected medications implicated in pill-induced esophageal injury^[1,2]

Antiarrhythmics, antihypertensives, and vasodilators

Antiarrhythmics:

Mexiletine
Quinidine

Antihypertensives:

Captopril
Nifedipine

Vasodilators:

Naftidrofuryl (nafronyl)*

Antimicrobials

Lincosamides:

Clindamycin
Lincomycin

Macrolides:

Azithromycin^[1]
Clarithromycin
Erythromycin
Spiramycin*

Penicillins:

Amoxicillin
Ampicillin
Penicillin
Pivmecillinam*

Sulfonamides:

Sulfamethoxypyridazine*
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

Tetracyclines:

Doxycycline
Minocycline
Oxytetracycline*
Tetracycline

Other:

Cephalexin
Emepronium*
Metronidazole
Rifampin (rifampicin)
Tinidazole
Zidovudine

Bisphosphonates

Alendronate
Etidronate*
Ibandronate
Pamidronate

NSAIDs

Aspirin
Diclofenac
Ibuprofen
Indomethacin
Naproxen
Piroxicam

Vitamins and supplements

Ascorbic acid
Calcium dobesilate*
Iron preparations (eg, ferrous sulfate)
L-arginine
Multivitamins
Potassium chloride

Other

Acetaminophen
Caffeine
Clomethiazole (chlormethiazole)
Estramustine
Glucocorticoids
Glyburide (glibenclamide)
Oral contraceptives
Phenytoin
Pinaverium*
Retinoic acid derivatives (eg, isotretinoin)
Theophylline/aminophylline
Warfarin

This table includes a selection of commonly used medications implicated in direct esophageal mucosal injury. This is not a complete list; other medications, including others within the drug classes above, combination drugs containing these ingredients, and others may also cause esophageal injury.

NSAIDs: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
* Not available in the United States.

References:

Young PE, Kikendall JW. Pill-induced esophageal injury. In: The Esophagus, 5th ed, Richter JE, Castell DO (Eds), Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. p.707.
Zimmer V, Emrich K. Azithromycin-Induced Pill Esophagitis. GE Port J Gastroenterol 2021; 28:225.

Graphic 135178 Version 2.0

خرید پکیج

Selected medications implicated in pill-induced esophageal injury[1,2]

Selected medications implicated in pill-induced esophageal injury^[1,2]