Etiology of acute liver failure in children

Etiology of pediatric acute liver failure in 1144 children enrolled in the Pediatric Acute Liver Failure Study Group (1999 to 2014), representing 19 pediatric liver transplant centers in the United States, Canada, and United Kingdom.

GALD: gestational alloimmune liver disease; HLH: hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.

* Metabolic liver disease includes Wilson disease (3.2%), mitochondrial disease (1.5%), galactosemia (1.3%) and other metabolic diseases (3.7%).

¶ Autoimmune markers are antinuclear antibody, antismooth muscle antibody, and/or liver-kidney microsomal antibody. Isolated mild elevations of antinuclear antibody are common and are not diagnostic of autoimmune hepatitis.

Adapted with permission from Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.: Squires JE, Alonso EM, Ibrahim SH, et al. North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition position paper on the diagnosis and management of pediatric acute liver failure. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2022; 74(1):138-58. Copyright © 2022 European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition and North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition. https://journals.lww.com/jpgn/pages/default.aspx.

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Etiology of acute liver failure in children