Decreased intake |
Vegetarian, vegan, or other diet with limited sources of iron |
In infants, use of unmodified (nonformula) cow's milk before age 12 months, or exclusive breastfeeding from age 6 to 12 months |
Decreased iron absorption |
Celiac disease |
Atrophic/autoimmune gastritis |
Helicobacter pylori |
Bariatric surgery |
Medications that reduce gastric acidity (unlikely to be the sole cause) |
Genetic disorders such as IRIDA (rare) |
Blood or iron loss |
Heavy menstrual bleeding |
Pregnancy and lactation |
Gastric ulcer disease or gastritis |
Colorectal cancer |
Gastrointestinal telangiectasias, HHT |
Bleeding disorders such as VWD |
Gastrointestinal parasites |
Frequent blood donation |
Surgical blood loss |
Iatrogenic (frequent blood draws) |
Hemodialysis |
آیا می خواهید مدیلیب را به صفحه اصلی خود اضافه کنید؟