Anemia in parvovirus B19 infection

Underlying condition	RBC lifespan	Immune response to the virus	Effect on Hb/Hct
None	120 days	Normal immune response in 10 to 14 days	Normal Hb/Hct maintained
Chronic hemolysis	5 to 10 days	Normal immune response in 10 to 14 days	Acute transient PRCA ("aplastic crisis")
Immunodeficiency (HIV)	120 days	Cannot clear virus	Chronic PRCA

If the RBC lifespan is shorter than the time it takes for an immune response to mount against parvovirus, then the Hb/Hct can drop precipitously. If RBC lifespan is normal but an immune response to parvovirus does not occur, then the Hb/Hct can be chronically reduced. Refer to UpToDate for details on specific types of anemia.

RBC: red blood cell; HIV: human immunodeficiency virus; Hb: hemoglobin; Hct: hematocrit; PRCA: pure red cell aplasia.

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Anemia in parvovirus B19 infection