Management of insomnia in patients with Parkinson disease (PD)

SSRIs: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors; SNRIs: serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors; RLS: restless legs syndrome; RBD: rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder; PLMD: periodic limb movement disorder; CNS: central nervous system; OSA: obstructive sleep apnea; OTC: over-the-counter.

* We advise patients not to use OTC sleep aids containing diphenhydramine and other antihistamines because patients with PD are at increased risk for anticholinergic side effects and exacerbation of RLS; dual orexin receptor antagonists have not been studied in PD and could have overlapping toxicities.