Greenhouse gas emissions of common inhaled anesthetic agents

MAC inhaled agent	Atmospheric lifetime (years)	Global warming potential (GWP100) (in comparison CO₂)	Equivalent auto miles* driven per MAC-hour of anesthetic use at 1 L/min
Isoflurane 1.2%	3.5	539	7
Sevoflurane 2.2%	1.4	144	4
Desflurane 6.7%	14	2590	178
60% Nitrous oxide (0.6 MAC)	114	273	44

MAC: mean alveolar concentration.

* Based on EPA 2022 emission factor of 4.03 × 10^–4 metric tons of CO₂ equivalent/mile.

Adapted from Greening the Operating Room and Perioperative Arena: Environmental Sustainability for Anesthesia Practice, 2014, of the American Society of Anesthesiologists. A copy of the full text can be obtained from ASA, 1061 American Lane, Schaumburg, IL 60173-4973 or online at www.asahq.org.

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Greenhouse gas emissions of common inhaled anesthetic agents