Device | Advantages | Disadvantages | Regulatory approval? |
Zephyr endobronchial valve | Reversible; well-studied, survival benefit | Requires intact lobar fissures; pneumothorax risk on placement, post-obstructive infection, granulation tissue | Worldwide |
Spiration endobronchial valve | Reversible; well-studied, survival benefit | Requires intact lobar fissures; pneumothorax risk on placement, post-obstructive infection, granulation tissue | Worldwide |
Nitinol coils | Reduces lung volume by improving elastic recoil (no atelectasis); patients with collateral ventilation qualify | Irreversible; infections associated with foreign bodies in the parenchyma; modest and variable benefit in clinical trials | No |
Airway sealants | May be useful in patients with collateral ventilation, possibly for use combined with endobronchial valves | Irreversible; common flu-like symptoms and less frequent infections; variable efficacy in clinical trials when used alone | No |
Thermal airway ablation | Possible reduced infectious complications given no foreign body or material; favorable early trials | Irreversible; results in inflammation, which can be difficult to distinguish from infection | No |