Typical Hb F percentages in various conditions

Type of condition	Typical Hb F percentage
Sickle cell disorders	Sickle cell trait (Hb AS): <1 to 2% Sickle cell anemia (Hb SS): 1 to 25% Hb SC disease: 1 to 10% Hb S-beta⁰ thalassemia: 1 to 25% Hb S-beta⁺ thalassemia: 1 to 20% Hb S-delta-beta thalassemia: 15 to 25% Hb S-gene deletion HPFH: ≥30% after age 5 years
HPFH	Heterozygous gene deletion HPFH: 17 to 36% Non-deletional HPFH: 5 to 35%
Thalassemias	Hb H disease: <1% Beta thalassemia trait: 1 to 10% Homozygous beta thalassemia: 10 to 95% Delta-beta thalassemia: 7 to 10% Hb E-beta⁰ thalassemia: 20 to 70% Hb E-beta⁺ thalassemia: 8 to 60%
IBMF syndromes	Fanconi anemia: 2 to 85%
Premalignant and clonal disorders	Hydatidiform mole: ≤6% Myelodysplastic syndrome: 1 to 10% PNH: 5 to 10% Erythroleukemia: ≤60% JMML: ≤70% Miscellaneous disorders: 1 to 10%

Hb F accounts for 60 to 80% of total hemoglobin in a full-term newborn and decreases during the first year of life. By age 1 year and throughout childhood and adulthood, the typical Hb F level is <1%. Hb F levels were determined in various studies using alkali denaturation or high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).^[1-3]

Hb F: fetal hemoglobin; HPFH: hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin; IBMF: inherited bone marrow failure; PNH: paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria; JMML: juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia.

References:

Weatherall DJ, Clegg JB. The Thalassaemia Syndromes, 3rd ed, Blackwell 1981.
Weatherall DJ, Clegg JB. The Thalassaemia Syndromes, 4th ed, Blackwell 2001.
Bunn HF, Forget BF. Hemoglobin: Molecular, Genetic and Clinical Aspects, Saunders 1986.

Graphic 141575 Version 1.0

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Typical Hb F percentages in various conditions