| Past history or medications | Selected diseases with increased risk |
| Past medical history |
- Atherosclerosis
- Peripheral vascular disease
| - Mesenteric ischemia
- Abdominal aortic aneurysm
|
- Atrial fibrillation
- Heart failure
| |
| | - Gastroparesis
- Intra-abdominal infections
- Constipation
- Diabetic ketoacidosis
|
| | - Opportunistic infections (eg, cytomegalovirus, Mycobacterium avium complex, cryptosporidium)
- Neoplasms (eg, Kaposi sarcoma, lymphoma)
|
| | - Vaso-occlusive pain episode
- Gallstones, cholecystitis
- Acute hepatic or splenic sequestration
- Renal papillary necrosis
- Urinary tract infection, pyelonephritis
|
- Primary (Addison disease) or secondary adrenal insufficiency
| |
| Medications |
- Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs
| |
| | - Clostridioides difficile colitis
|
- Glucocorticoids (chronic therapy)
| - Masking symptoms of serious pathology (eg, not mounting fever or peritoneal signs)
- Adrenal insufficiency
- Gastritis, peptic ulcer disease
- Hollow viscus perforation
|
| | - Constipation
- Withdrawal (causes abdominal cramping, nausea)
|
- Anticoagulant or antiplatelet
| - Rectus sheath hematoma
- Retroperitoneal hematoma
|
- HIV antiretroviral therapy
| - Nephrolithiasis
- Pancreatitis
|
| | - Neutropenic enterocolitis (typhlitis)
|
| Social history |
| | - Alcoholic ketoacidosis
- Gastritis
- Pancreatitis
- Hepatitis
- Cirrhosis (complicated by spontaneous bacterial peritonitis)
|
| | - Peptic ulcer disease
- Abdominal aortic aneurysm
- Bladder cancer (as well as other malignancies)
|
| | - Cannabis hyperemesis syndrome
|
- New or multiple sexual partners
| - Sexually transmitted infections
|
