Acquired and potentially reversible causes of ataxia

	Cerebellar ataxias	Sensory ataxias
Immune mediated	Anti-GAD ataxia Gluten ataxia Multiple sclerosis Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (mainly in breast and ovary cancer, SCLC, Hodgkin lymphoma) SREAT	Anti-MAG antibodies polyneuropathy CANOMAD syndrome CIDP Guillain-Barré syndrome MGUS-related neuropathy Miller Fisher syndrome Multiple sclerosis Neurosarcoidosis Paraneoplastic sensory neuropathies (breast and ovary cancer, bronchial carcinoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, neuroendocrine tumors, sarcoma, SCLC) Sjögren's disease
Infections	Epstein-Barr virus (acute cerebellitis mainly in children and adults) HIV Lyme borreliosis Syphilis Varicella (acute cerebellitis mainly in children) Whipple disease	Syphilis (tabes dorsalis)
Drugs	Alcohol* Amiodarone Antiseizure medications (phenytoin) Asparaginase Barbiturates Benzodiazepines Bismuth Bromides Calcineurin inhibitors (tacrolimus) Capecitabine Cytarabine Fluorouracil Glucocorticoids (high doses) Lithium Metronidazole Phencyclidine Piperazine Zidovudine	Bortezomib Carboplatin CDDP Cisplatin Doxorubicin Oxaliplatin Penicillin Suramin sodium
Metabolic	Deficiency of vitamin B1 (Wernicke encephalopathy) Deficiency of vitamin E Hypoparathyroidism Hypothyroidism	Deficiency of vitamin B12 Deficiency of vitamin E
Structural lesions	Neoplasms Stroke Superficial siderosis	Spinal trauma/ischemia Vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia
Toxins	Carbon tetrachloride Lead Manganese Mercury Toluene	Thallium

GAD: glutamic acid decarboxylase; SCLC: small cell lung cancer; SREAT: steroid-responsive encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroiditis (formerly known as Hashimoto encephalopathy); MAG: myelin-associated glycoprotein; CANOMAD: chronic ataxic neuropathy with ophthalmoplegia, immunoglobulin M (IgM) paraprotein, cold agglutinins, and disialosyl antibodies; CIDP: chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy; MGUS: monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance; HIV: human immunodeficiency virus; CDDP: cis-diamminedichloroplatinum II.

* Chronic alcohol use disorder can cause irreversible alcoholic cerebellar degeneration.

Courtesy of Alfonso Fasano, MD, PhD, FAAN.

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Acquired and potentially reversible causes of ataxia