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خرید پکیج
تعداد آیتم قابل مشاهده باقیمانده : 3 مورد
نسخه الکترونیک
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Abnormalities observed during quiet standing and stance

Abnormalities observed during quiet standing and stance
Abnormalities Suggestions for differential diagnosis*
Quiet standing (eyes open)
Normal to narrowed base of support
  • PD, spastic paraparesis
Widened base of support
  • Sensitive but nonspecific
  • Vestibular ataxia, sensory ataxia, cerebellar ataxia, chorea
  • Atypical parkinsonism
Progressive instability
  • Orthostatic tremor, negative myoclonus, functional gait disorders
Excessive spontaneous sway
  • Dyskinesia (eg, PD, Huntington disease), higher-level gait disorders, functional gait disorders
Leaning or drifting sideways
  • Vertebral column deformities
  • Pisa syndrome: Either drug-induced (eg, dopamine receptor antagonists) or associated with neurodegeneration (AD, PD, atypical parkinsonism)
  • Pusher syndrome (unilateral thalamic stroke), trunk dystonias (including idiopathic Pisa syndrome)
Excessive trunk flexion that persists when lying down
  • Vertebral column deformities
Excessive trunk flexion that disappears when lying down
  • Trunk or hip weakness (myasthenia gravis, motor neuron disease, myopathies)
  • Camptocormia (PD, atypical parkinsonism)
Stance width
Narrowed base of support
  • PD, spastic paraparesis (eg, hereditary spastic paraparesis)
Widened base of support
  • Nonspecific
  • Atypical parkinsonism, cerebellar ataxia, sensory ataxia, vestibular ataxia, higher-level gait disorders
  • Extreme in some functional gait disorders
Scissoring of the legs
  • Spastic paraparesis (eg, juvenile cerebral palsy), dystonia, higher-level gait disorders, Huntington disease (due to chorea), compensation for freezing of gait (eg, in PD), functional gait disorders
Unable to walk in a straight line, sideways deviation (veering) of gait
  • Unilateral vestibular ataxia, unilateral cerebellar ataxia (consistently veering in a direction ipsilateral to the lesion), functional gait disorders (often veering from side to side)

AD: Alzheimer disease; PD: Parkinson disease.

* These suggestions are not comprehensive.
Reproduced with permission from: Nonnekes J, Goselink RJM, Růžička E, et al. Neurological disorders of gait, balance and posture: A sign-based approach. Nat Rev Neurol 2018; 14:183. Copyright © 2018 Springer Nature.
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