Reported patient risk factors for developing chronic postsurgical pain

This table shows patient factors that may increase the risk of developing chronic pain after surgery, based on observational data. Psychosocial risk factors that are identified prior to surgery may be amenable to treatment.

Some surgical procedures are associated with higher risk of chronic postsurgical pain, including amputation, spine surgery, thoracotomy, breast surgery, hernia repair, hysterectomy, and arthroplasty.