Management of seizures and epilepsy in pediatric tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC)

ASM: antiseizure medication; EEG: electroencephalography; SGCTs: subependymal giant cell tumors.

* Infantile spasms are the most common type of seizure at initial TSC diagnosis. Other seizure types in TSC include focal onset seizures with and without impaired awareness, focal onset to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures, subclinical seizures, and, less commonly, generalized onset seizures. Parents and caregivers should be educated to recognize these types of seizures. Other symptoms that raise suspicion for seizures include unexplained changes in sleep, behavior, cognition, or neurologic function.

¶ Vigabatrin is first-line for treatment of infantile spasms. Refer to UpToDate topics on TSC for appropriate ASM therapy for other seizure types.

Δ Refer to UpToDate topics on TSC for appropriate ASM therapy.