Urine culture | - The urine specimen should be collected via catheterization or suprapubic aspiration; "clean voided" bag urine samples should not be used for culture.
- Urine culture is positive in approximately 50 to 60% of neonates with invasive candidiasis.
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Dilated eye examination | - Eye involvement occurs in 3 to 5% of neonates with candidemia.
- Classic ophthalmologic findings are focal, glistening, white, infiltrative, often mound-like lesions on the retina with indistinct borders.
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Ultrasound of the kidneys and bladder | - Assesses for kidney parenchymal infiltration, calyceal mycetoma, or fungal masses in the urinary tract; also assesses for congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract.
- Kidney involvement occurs in approximately 5 to 10% of neonates with invasive candidiasis.
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Head ultrasound | - Assesses for brain abscess, parenchymal involvement, hydrocephalus, and/or hemorrhage.
- Brain abscess or ventriculitis occurs in approximately 4 to 5% of neonates with invasive candidiasis.
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