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Neuroendocrine tumors of the colon and rectum TNM staging AJCC version 9

Neuroendocrine tumors of the colon and rectum TNM staging AJCC version 9
Primary tumor (T)*
T category T criteria
TX Primary tumor cannot be assessed
T0 No evidence of primary tumor
T1 Tumor invades the mucosa or submucosa, and ≤2 cm in greatest dimension
T1a Tumor ≤1 cm in greatest dimension
T1b Tumor >1 cm but ≤2 cm in greatest dimension
T2 Tumor invades the muscularis propria, or is >2 cm in greatest dimension with invasion of the mucosa or submucosa
T3 Tumor invades through the muscularis propria into subserosal tissue without penetration of overlying serosa
T4 Tumor invades the visceral peritoneum (serosa), or other organs or adjacent structures
NOTE: Multiple tumors should be designated as such (the largest tumor should be used to assign T category):
  • Use T(#); eg, pT3(4) N0 M0, or
  • Use the m suffix, T(m); eg, pT3(m) N0 M0

Primary tumor suffix

  • (m) Multiple synchronous primary tumors
Regional lymph nodes (N)*
N category N criteria
NX Regional lymph nodes cannot be assessed
N0 No tumor involvement of regional lymph node(s)
N1 Tumor involvement of regional lymph node(s)
Regional lymph nodes suffix
  • (f) FNA or core needle biopsy
Distant metastasis (M)*
M category M criteria
cM0 No distant metastasis
cM1 Distant metastasis
cM1a Metastasis confined to liver
cM1b Metastases in at least one extrahepatic site (eg, lung, ovary, nonregional lymph node, peritoneum, bone)
cM1c Both hepatic and extrahepatic metastases
pM1 Microscopic confirmation of distant metastasis
pM1a Microscopic confirmation of metastasis confined to liver
pM1b Microscopic confirmation of metastases in at least one extrahepatic site (eg, lung, ovary, nonregional lymph node, peritoneum, bone)
pM1c Microscopic confirmation of both hepatic and extrahepatic metastases
AJCC prognostic stage group is assigned based on the stage classification and categories chosen.*
Prognostic stage groups
When T is... And N is... And M is... Then the stage group is...
T1 NX, N0 M0 I
T2 N0 M0 IIA
T3 N0 M0 IIB
T4 N0 M0 IIIA
Any T N1 M0 IIIB
Any T Any N M1 IV

AJCC: American Joint Committee on Cancer; TNM: tumor, node, metastasis.

* AJCC data elements required for staging are identified with an asterisk.

Used with permission of the American College of Surgeons, Chicago, Illinois. The original source for this information is the AJCC Cancer Staging System, Version 9: Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Colon and Rectum (2023).
Graphic 144874 Version 2.0