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Patient education: Croup (The Basics)

Patient education: Croup (The Basics)

What is croup? — "Croup" is the term doctors use for an infection of the trachea, the main airway that we breath through (figure 1). Croup is common in children between 6 months and 3 years of age. It is uncommon after the age of 6 years. Croup causes a barking cough. In most children, croup goes away on its own. But some children with croup need to be seen by a doctor or nurse.

What are the symptoms of croup? — Croup usually begins like a regular cold. Children who get croup first get a runny nose and feel stuffed up. A day or 2 later, they usually:

Get a cough that sounds like a seal barking

Become hoarse (lose their voice or get a scratchy voice)

Get a fever higher than 100.4°F (38°C)

Start having noisy, high-pitched breathing (called "stridor"), especially when they are active or upset

The symptoms are usually worse at night.

Should my child see a doctor or nurse? — Many children with croup do not need to see a doctor. But watch for some important symptoms.

Call for an ambulance (in the US and Canada, call 9-1-1) if the child:

Starts to turn blue or very pale

Has a very hard time breathing

Can't speak or cry because they can't get enough air

Is very upset

Seems very sleepy or does not seem to respond to you

Call your child's doctor or nurse if you have any questions or concerns about your child, or if:

Their cough won't go away.

They start to drool or can't swallow.

They make a noisy, high-pitched sound when breathing, even while just sitting or resting.

The skin and muscles between their ribs or below their ribcage look like they are caving in (figure 2).

They are younger than 3 months and have a fever (temperature higher than 100.4°F or 38°C).

They are older than 3 months have a fever (temperature higher than 100.4°F or 38°C) for more than 3 days.

The symptoms of croup last for more than 7 days.

How is croup treated? — The main treatments for croup make sure that the child gets enough oxygen. To do that, the doctor or nurse might give:

Moist air or oxygen to breathe

Medicines to reduce swelling or open up the airways

Antibiotics do not work to treat croup.

Is there anything I can do to help my child feel better? — Yes. You can:

Sit in the bathroom with the child while the hot water is running in the shower, creating steam. You can also use a humidifier in the room where the child sleeps.

Have the child breathe outdoor air, if it is cold out. You can do this by opening a window for a few minutes. Wrap the child in a blanket to keep them warm.

Treat their fever with over-the-counter medicines, such as acetaminophen (sample brand name: Tylenol) or ibuprofen (sample brand names: Advil, Motrin). Never give aspirin to a child younger than 18 years old.

Make sure that the child gets enough fluids. If they are older than 1 year, feed them warm, clear liquids to soothe their throat.

Sleep in the same room as the child, so that you know right away if they start having trouble breathing.

Keep the child away from people who are smoking. Do not allow anyone to smoke in your home.

How did my child get croup? — Croup is caused by viruses that spread easily from person to person. These viruses live in the droplets that go into the air when a sick person coughs or sneezes.

Can croup be prevented? — To lower the risk of croup, you can:

Wash your hands and the child's hands often with soap and water, or use alcohol hand rubs.

Stay away from other adults and children who are sick.

Make sure that the child gets all of the recommended vaccines, including the flu shot. Get a flu shot for yourself, too.

More on this topic

Patient education: Cough, runny nose, and the common cold (The Basics)
Patient education: Cough in children (The Basics)
Patient education: Fever in children (The Basics)
Patient education: Flu (The Basics)
Patient education: What you should know about vaccines (The Basics)
Patient education: Sore throat in adults (The Basics)

Patient education: Croup in infants and children (Beyond the Basics)

This topic retrieved from UpToDate on: Feb 02, 2024.
Disclaimer: This generalized information is a limited summary of diagnosis, treatment, and/or medication information. It is not meant to be comprehensive and should be used as a tool to help the user understand and/or assess potential diagnostic and treatment options. It does NOT include all information about conditions, treatments, medications, side effects, or risks that may apply to a specific patient. It is not intended to be medical advice or a substitute for the medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment of a health care provider based on the health care provider's examination and assessment of a patient's specific and unique circumstances. Patients must speak with a health care provider for complete information about their health, medical questions, and treatment options, including any risks or benefits regarding use of medications. This information does not endorse any treatments or medications as safe, effective, or approved for treating a specific patient. UpToDate, Inc. and its affiliates disclaim any warranty or liability relating to this information or the use thereof. The use of this information is governed by the Terms of Use, available at https://www.wolterskluwer.com/en/know/clinical-effectiveness-terms. 2024© UpToDate, Inc. and its affiliates and/or licensors. All rights reserved.
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