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Patient education: Hair loss (The Basics)

Patient education: Hair loss (The Basics)

What causes hair loss? — The most common cause of hair loss is a condition called "androgenetic alopecia." This is also known as "male-pattern hair loss" and "female-pattern hair loss." Androgenetic alopecia can look different in different people:

People with male-pattern hair loss often develop bald areas on the front and the top of the scalp.

People with female-pattern hair loss often have thinning hair on the top of the scalp, but usually do not lose all of the hair there (figure 1).

Another common cause of hair loss is called "alopecia areata." In this type, the immune system (the body's infection-fighting system) attacks the parts of the skin where hair grows. People with alopecia areata might have small round spots or larger areas of hair missing (picture 1).

There are many other reasons for hair loss. Some medical conditions and even some medicines can cause hair loss.

Should I see a doctor or nurse? — See your doctor or nurse if you are bothered by your hair loss, or if:

You are not sure why you are losing your hair.

Your hair loss happens suddenly.

You also have itching or pain on your scalp.

You also don't feel well or feel very tired.

Will I need tests? — Most people with hair loss do not need tests. But your doctor or nurse might do tests to make sure that your hair loss is not caused by a hormonal problem or another medical condition.

How is hair loss treated? — That depends on what type of hair loss you have.

If your hair loss is caused by a health problem, treating that problem can help. Other types of hair loss can be treated in many different ways. Examples include medicines that go on the scalp, medicines that are given as shots into the scalp, and medicines that come in pills. Sometimes, surgery is used to treat people with areas of hair that cannot grow back.

Androgenetic alopecia – These are examples of medicines that might help to stop hair loss in people with androgenetic alopecia:

Minoxidil (sample brand name: Rogaine) – You can buy minoxidil in a liquid or foam without a prescription. You put it on your head. Sometimes, doctors prescribe minoxidil in a pill.

Finasteride (sample brand name: Propecia) – This medicine is meant for males. Doctors sometimes also give it to females who have been through menopause (they have stopped having periods). It comes in a pill, and you need a prescription to buy it.

Spironolactone (sample brand name: Aldactone) – This medicine might help some females. It is not safe to use during pregnancy. The medicine comes in a pill, and you need a prescription to buy it.

Alopecia areata – These are some examples of medicines that can help regrow hair in people with alopecia areata:

Medicines called steroids – These can be given as shots, or applied directly to the scalp (for example, as a liquid, gel, foam, lotion, or cream). The medicine slows or stops the immune response that causes alopecia areata. These are not the same as the steroids that some athletes take illegally.

"Topical immunotherapy" – A dermatologist usually gives this type of treatment. The doctor puts a special medicine that causes a mild allergic reaction on the spots of hair loss. You usually need many treatments to see if topical immunotherapy will work.

Pills – Dermatologists sometimes use pills to treat people with a lot of hair loss from alopecia areata. The pills slow or stop the immune response that causes alopecia areata.

What if I am upset about my hair loss? — Losing your hair can be very tough. If you feel sad or anxious because of your hair loss, talk to your doctor or nurse. They can help you get the support that you need.

More on this topic

Patient education: Androgenetic alopecia in men and women (Beyond the Basics)
Patient education: Alopecia areata (Beyond the Basics)

This topic retrieved from UpToDate on: Feb 02, 2024.
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