Patient education: Hydrocele (The Basics)

What is a hydrocele? — A hydrocele is a buildup of fluid inside the scrotum. The scrotum is the skin sac that holds the testicles (figure 1).

Hydroceles are common in newborns. They usually go away by the time the baby is 1 year old. Hydroceles can also happen as children get older, or in adults.

What are the symptoms of a hydrocele? — A hydrocele usually does not cause symptoms, except when it gets very large. When it does, the symptoms can include:

●Pain or discomfort in the scrotum

●Feeling like the scrotum is heavy or full

●Swelling or irritation in the skin around the scrotum

Is there a test for a hydrocele? — Yes. Tests include:

●Light test – Your doctor can shine a powerful light on the area of your scrotum where there is a swelling. If the light passes through, it means nothing solid is blocking the light. The fluid in a hydrocele does not block the light, so if the light goes through that, it is good proof that the swelling is a hydrocele.

●Ultrasound – This test uses sound waves to create pictures of the inside of the body. An ultrasound can tell the doctor if you have a hydrocele or a different condition.

How is a hydrocele treated? — Treatment depends on what caused the hydrocele and what symptoms it causes. Treatment is not always necessary. Some hydroceles go away on their own. Depending on your age, symptoms, and type of hydrocele, you might not need treatment.

If a baby has a hydrocele that does not go away by age 1, they will probably need surgery to remove the fluid or the sac that holds it.

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