Causes of prerenal and intrinsic pediatric acute kidney injury

Mechanism	Etiology
Prerenal causes
Decreased intravascular volume	Dehydration, hemorrhage, diuretics, burns, shock, nephrotic syndrome
Decreased cardiac function	Heart failure, arrhythmias
Peripheral vasodilatation	Sepsis, anaphylaxis, antihypertensive medication
Renal vasoconstriction	Sepsis, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, ACE inhibitor
Intrinsic causes
Tubular injury (acute tubular necrosis)	Prolonged ischemia, nephrotoxins, hypotension, sepsis
Renal vascular diseases	Hemolytic uremic syndrome, vasculitides, thrombosis
Interstitial diseases	Interstitial nephritis, infections, malignant infiltrations
Glomerulonephritides	Post-infectious glomerulonephritis, rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, Henoch-Schönlein purpura

ACE: angiotensin converting enzyme.

Graphic 50307 Version 5.0