Version June 2024
| Syndrome | Etiologic agents | Features |
| Acute watery diarrhea Watery stools; may contain mucous. Fever may be present. | Rotavirus | Leading cause of gastroenteritis in children younger than two years. |
| Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) | Leading cause of gastroenteritis in older children and adults. | |
| Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139 | Associated with endemic and epidemic disease. Vomiting and voluminous "rice-water diarrhea" in severe cases. | |
| Cryptosporidium | Common in infants (younger than one year) even in the absence of HIV; infrequently seen in older children. | |
| Norovirus | Abrupt onset of vomiting and diarrhea with low grade fever. | |
| Invasive diarrhea Gross blood in stool. Often associated with fever, vomiting, abdominal pain. | Shigella spp. | Leading cause of invasive diarrhea. S. dysenteriae serotype I produces Shiga-toxin and is associated with epidemics of severe disease. Complications include toxic megacolon, rectal prolapse, intestinal perforation, seizures, encephalopathy and sepsis. |
| Nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica | Several serotypes cause gastroenteritis. Infants, elderly, and immunocompromised at increased risk for disseminated infection. | |
| Campylobacter spp. | Predominantly C. jejuni and C. coli. May mimic appendicitis. Complications include Guillain-Barré syndrome. | |
| Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC) | EIEC are closely related to Shigella and cause a syndrome essentially identical to shigellosis. | |
| Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) | EHEC produce Shiga toxin identical to that produced by S. dysenteriae serotype I, associated with increased risk of hemolytic uremic syndrome. | |
| Entamoeba histolytica | E. histolytica is a protozoal organism which causes intestinal infection which may be indistinguishable from Shigella and other bacteria. Rare complications include extraintestinal infections, most commonly hepatic abscess. | |
| Adenovirus types 40/41 | Also cause watery diarrhea. |
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