Radiographic views for identifying fractures by location

Anatomic region	Plain radiograph fracture views
Wrist	All patients: AP, lateral Oblique: Fracture suspected but AP/lateral negative* Scaphoid: Scaphoid fracture suspected
Elbow	AP, lateral, oblique
Shoulder	AP, scapular Y
Knee	AP, lateral, oblique^¶ (internal or externally rotated) Sunrise (axial, tangential): patellar injury
Foot	AP, lateral Oblique: If fracture seen
Tibia, femur, humerus, and forearm	AP, lateral
Ankle	AP, lateral, and mortise^Δ

AP: anterior posterior.
* Allows view of the scaphoid-trapezoid-trapezium articulation.
¶ Provides a different projection of the femoral condyles and tibial tuberosities as well as a cleaner view of the medial and lateral margins of the patella.
Δ The mortise view requires 10 to 20 degrees of internal rotation and allows the tibia and fibula to be viewed without superimposition on one another.

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Radiographic views for identifying fractures by location