Sources of infection for spinal epidural abscess

Source	Number of patients, percent
No source identified	30
Skin and soft tissue	22
Spinal surgery or procedures	12
Injection drug use	10
Other sources, including epidural catheters	8
Bone or joint	7
Urinary tract	3
Upper respiratory tract	3
Sepsis	2
Abdomen	2
Intravascular catheter associated	<1

Sources_for_epidural_absces.htm

Data from Danner R, Hartman BJ. Rev Infect Dis 1975; 9:265; Nussbaum ES, Rigamonti D, Standiford H, et al. Surg Neurol 1992; 38:225; Gellin BG, Weingarten K, Gamache FW Jr, et al. Epidural Abscess. In: Infections of the Central Nervous System, 2nd ed, Scheld WM, Whitley RJ, Durack DT (Eds), Lippincott-Raven Publishers, Philadelphia 1997. p.507; Rigamonti D, Liem L, Wolf AL, et al. Mt Sinai J Med 1994; 61:357; Kapeller P, Fazekas F, Krametter D, et al. Eur Neurol 1997; 38:94.

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Sources of infection for spinal epidural abscess