Anatomic | Pyloric stenosis, duodenal stenosis, duodenal web |
Metabolic | Hypokalaemia, acidosis, hypothyroidism, diabetic gastroparesis |
Drugs | Opioids, anticholinergics, neuromuscular blockade |
Neuronal dysfunction | CNS disease, vagotomy, intestinal pseudoobstruction |
Muscle disease | Visceral myopathy, SLE, myotonic dystrophy |
Infection | Viral, bacterial toxins, post-viral gastroparesis |
Idiopathic | Slow-wave arrhythmias |
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