Airway remodeling in asthma

ET-1: endothelin-1; FGF-2: fibroblast growth factor; IGF-1: insulin-like growth factor-1; IL: interleukin; Th2 lymphocyte: T-helper 2 lymphocyte; TSLP: thymic stromal lymphopoietin; LTB4: leukotriene B4; LTC4: leukotriene C4; MMP-9: matrix metalloproteinase-9; PDGF: platelet-derived growth factor; TGF-β: transforming growth factor β; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor α; TIMP-1: tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1; EGF: epidermal growth factor; GM-CSF: granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor; PGD2: prostaglandin D2; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor.