Management of low bone mass in patients with liver disease

Refer to UpToDate content on Evaluation and treatment of low bone mass in patients with primary biliary cholangitis (primary biliary cirrhosis)

DXA: dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry; BMD: bone mineral density
* Risk factors for fracture include advancing age, tobacco use, significant alcohol consumption, low body weight, and early menopause.
¶ Laboratory screen for other causes of low BMD: complete blood count, serum calcium, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine, 25-OH vitamin D, protein electrophoresis, and testosterone (in men).

Original figure modified for this publication. Leslie WD, Bernstein CN, Leboff MS. AGA technical review on osteoporosis in hepatic disorders. Gastroenterology 2003; 125:941. Illustration used with the permission of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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Management of low bone mass in patients with liver disease