Causes of glomerulonephritis in children

Hypocomplementemic (low C3)

Primary kidney disease

Postinfectious/poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis

Complement-mediated membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (C3-dense deposit disease)

Systemic disease

Systemic lupus erythematosus nephritis

Subacute bacterial endocarditis

Shunt nephritis (ventriculoatrial shunt)

Immune complex-mediated membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis due to chronic infections, autoimmune diseases, or monoclonal gammopathies

Normocomplementemic (normal C3)

Primary kidney disease

IgA glomerulonephritis

Alport syndrome

ANCA (+) Pauci-immune glomerulonephritis

Systemic disease

Henoch-Schönlein purpura glomerulonephritis

ANCA-associated diseases

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis

Microscopic polyangiitis

Anti-GBM disease (Goodpasture disease)

ANCA: antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies; anti-GBM: anti-glomerular basement membrane; C3: complement component 3; IgA: immunoglobulin A.

Graphic 53697 Version 6.0