Version May 2024
| Grades III to IV hypertensive retinopathy with severely elevated blood pressures |
| Cerebrovascular |
| Hypertensive encephalopathy |
| Atherothrombotic brain infarction with severe hypertension |
| Intracerebral hemorrhage |
| Subarachnoid hemorrhage |
| Cardiac |
| Acute aortic dissection |
| Acute left ventricular failure |
| Acute or impending myocardial infarction |
| After coronary bypass surgery |
| Renal |
| Acute glomerulonephritis |
| Renal crises from collagen vascular diseases |
| Severe hypertension after kidney transplantation |
| Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia |
| Excessive circulating catecholamines |
| Pheochromocytoma crisis |
| Food or drug interactions with monoamine-oxidase inhibitors |
| Sympathomimetic drug use (cocaine) |
| Rebound hypertension after sudden cessation of antihypertensive drugs |
| Eclampsia |
| Surgical |
| Severe hypertension in patients requiring immediate surgery |
| Postoperative hypertension |
| Postoperative bleeding from vascular suture lines |
| Severe body burns |
| Severe epistaxis |
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