Bilateral disc abnormalities* |
Increased intracranial pressure |
Pseudopapilledema |
Malignant hypertension |
Diabetic papillopathy |
Others (hyperviscosity, toxins) |
Unilateral disc abnormalities* |
Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy |
Papillitis, neuroretinitis |
Sarcoidosis |
Central retinal vein occlusion |
Papillophlebitis |
Malignancy |
Leber hereditary optic neuropathy |
Other causes (low intraocular pressure, ocular injury, radiation) |
آیا می خواهید مدیلیب را به صفحه اصلی خود اضافه کنید؟