Name of study | Utility |
Complete blood count | Anemia and iron deficiency may be associated with obstruction, IBD, gastritis, and ulcer disease. Elevated white blood cell count is associated with bacterial infections, appendicitis, and sepsis. |
Electrolytes, BUN, creatinine | Electrolyte abnormalities are associated with pyloric stenosis, adrenal insufficiency, and metabolic diseases. Elevated BUN and creatinine are seen in kidney disease. |
Hepatic aminotransferases | Elevated AST, ALT, total bilirubin, and GGTP are seen in liver and gallbladder disease. |
Amylase, lipase | Elevated in pancreatitis. |
Plasma ammonia, urine-reducing substances | If an inborn error of metabolism is suspected. Ammonia is elevated in urea cycle disorders and organic acidemias. Non-glucose-reducing substances are usually present in the urine in galactosemia or hereditary fructose intolerance. |
Plain radiograph of the abdomen (including upright view) | If intestinal obstruction is suspected. |
Upper gastrointestinal series | If an anatomic abnormality of the upper gastrointestinal tract is suspected (eg, neonate with bilious vomiting). |
Head imaging (CT or MRI) | If increased intracranial pressure is suspected (rule out mass). |
Abdominal ultrasound | If pyloric stenosis or intussusception are suspected; also useful for evaluation of liver, gallbladder, kidneys, and pancreas. |
Radionucleotide gastric emptying study | If gastroparesis is suspected. |
Endoscopy | If peptic disease, eosinophilic esophagitis, IBD, or other causes of intestinal inflammation are suspected. |
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