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تعداد آیتم قابل مشاهده باقیمانده : 3 مورد
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Evolution of histologic grading for neuroendocrine neoplasms based on mitotic count and Ki-67 labeling index, by classification and year

Evolution of histologic grading for neuroendocrine neoplasms based on mitotic count and Ki-67 labeling index, by classification and year
  Moran[1] (2000)

WHO[2] (2004)

WHO[3] (2015)		 WHO[4] (2000)

Hochwald[5] (2002)

AFIP[6] (2007)		 WHO[7] (2004)

ENETS[8,9] (2006)

AJCC[10] (2009)

WHO[11] (2010)		 WHO[12] (2019)
Organ system Thymus Lung, thymus GI Pancreas Pancreas GI, pancreas GI, pancreas, hepatobiliary
Mitotic index G1 <3/10 HPF <2/2 mm2 NA <2/50 HPF <2/2 mm2 <2/2 mm2 <2/2 mm2
G2 4 to 9/10 HPF 2 to 10/2 mm2 NA  2 to 10/50 HPF 2 to 10/2 mm2 2 to 20/2 mm2 2 to 20/2 mm2
G3 NA NA NA NA NA >20/2 mm2 >20/2 mm2
Ki-67 G1 NA NA NA NA <2% ≤2% (<3%) <3%
G2 NA NA NA NA >2% 3 to 20% 3 to 20%
G3 NA NA NA NA NA >20% >20%
Other parameters Necrosis Necrosis Size, invasion, metastasis Necrosis Size, invasion, metastasis None Assessment of morphology and marker expression helps to differentiate from poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma
G1: Low grade, benign behavior, or typical carcinoid (lung and thymus).
G2: Intermediate grade, uncertain behavior, or atypical carcinoid (lung and thymus).
G3: High grade. In earlier classifications, G3 equated to poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma. The 2017 WHO classification of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms first recognized G3 well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors in addition to poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma. For well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, G3 is diagnosed mostly based on Ki-67 labeling index, in correlation with well-differentiated morphology and aided by appropriate marker expression in difficult cases. The mitotic count in this new category generally is in the G2 range.
WHO: World Health Organization; AFIP: Armed Forces Institute of Pathology; ENETS: European Neuroendocrine Tumour Society; AJCC: American Joint Committee on Cancer; GI: gastrointestinal; HPF: high-power field; NA: not applicable.
References:
  1. Moran CA, Suster S. Neuroendocrine carcinomas (carcinoid tumor) of the thymus. A clinicopathologic analysis of 80 cases. Am J Clin Pathol 2000; 114:100.
  2. Travis WD. The concept of pulmonary neuroendocrine tumours. In: Pathology and Genetics of Tumours of the Lung, Pleura, Thymus and Heart, Travis WD, Brambilla E, Muller-Hermelink HK, Harris CC (Eds), IARC Press, Lyon 2004. p.19.
  3. WHO Classification of Tumours of the Lung, Pleura, Thymus and Heart, 4th ed, Travis WD, Brambilla E, Burke AP, et al (Eds), IARC Press, Lyon 2015.
  4. WHO Classification of Tumours of the Digestive System, Hamilton SR, Aaltonen LA (Eds), IARC Press, Lyon 2000.
  5. Hochwald SN, Zee S, Conlon KC, et al. Prognostic factors in pancreatic endocrine neoplasms: an analysis of 136 cases with a proposal for low-grade and intermediate-grade groups. J Clin Oncol 2002; 20:2633.
  6. Hruban RH, Pitman MB, Klimstra DS. Tumors of the pancreas. In: AFIP Atlas of Tumor Pathology, 6th ed, ARP/AFIP, Washington, DC 2007. p.422.
  7. Kloppel G, Perren A, Heitz PU. The gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine cell system and its tumors: the WHO classification. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2004; 1014:13.
  8. Rindi G, Kloppel G, Alhman H, et al. TNM staging of foregut (neuro)endocrine tumors: a consensus proposal including a grading system. Virchows Arch 2006; 449:395.
  9. Rindi G, Kloppel G, Couvelard A, et al. TNM staging of midgut and hindgut (neuro) endocrine tumors: a consensus proposal including a grading system. Virchows Arch 2007; 451:757.
  10. Edge SB, Byrd DR, Compton CC, et al. AJCC Cancer Staging Manual, 7th ed, Springer, New York 2010.
  11. WHO Classification of Tumours of the Digestive System, Bosman F, Carneiro F, Hruban R, et al (Eds), IARC Press, Lyon 2010.
  12. WHO Classification of Digestive System Tumours, 5th ed, WHO Classification of Tumours Editorial Board (Ed), IARC Press, Lyon 2019.
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