Summary of TR knockout phenotype

	TR-alpha-1/alpha-2	TR-alpha-1	TR-beta-1/beta-2	TR-alpha-1/alpha-2, TR-beta-1/beta-2
Thyroid	Hypoplastic	Normal	Hyperplastic	Enlarged 2.5-fold
Serum T4	Low	Low	Elevated	Markedly elevated
TSH (serum/mRNA)	Reduced	Reduced	Nonsuppressed	Increased 10-fold
Survival	Neonatal lethal at four to six weeks	Normal	Normal	Lethal at five weeks
Bone	Reduced longitudinal area, demineralized	Normal	Normal	Abnormal growth, defective mineralization
Brain	Normal	Normal	Normal	Normal
Other	Arrested maturation of small intestine	Reduced heart rate, prolonged QT, reduced body temperature	Functional cochlear defect	Defective maturation of small intestine

TR: thyroid hormone receptor; T4: thyroxine; TSH: thyroid-stimulating hormone.

Reproduced with permission from: Brent, GA. Tissue-specific actions of thyroid hormone: Insights from animal models. Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders 2000; 1:27. Copyright © 2000 Kluwer Academic Publishers.

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Summary of TR knockout phenotype