| Drugs |
- Antiseizure medications (particularly phenobarbital and phenytoin)
- Aromatase inhibitors
- Cancer chemotherapy
- Glucocorticoids
- GnRH agonists and antagonists
- Heparin
- Immunosuppressants (cyclosporine)
|
| Endocrine disorders |
- Acromegaly
- Adrenal insufficiency
- Cushing syndrome
- Diabetes mellitus
- Eating disorders
- Endometriosis
- Hyperparathyroidism
- Hyperprolactinemia
- Hyperthyroidism
- Hypogonadism (primary or secondary)
|
| Gastrointestinal disease/nutritional disorders |
- Alcohol-related liver disease
- Celiac disease
- Chronic active hepatitis
- Chronic cholestatic disease
- Gastrectomy
- Inflammatory bowel disease
- Jejunoileal bypass
- Malabsorption syndromes
- Pancreatic insufficiency
- Parenteral nutrition
- Primary biliary cholangitis
- Severe liver disease
- Vitamin D and/or calcium deficiency
|
| Marrow-related disorders |
- Amyloidosis
- Hemochromatosis
- Hemophilia
- Leukemia
- Lymphoma
- Mastocytosis
- Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance
- Multiple myeloma
- Pernicious anemia
- Sarcoidosis
- Sickle cell anemia
- Thalassemia
|
| Organ transplantation |
- Bone marrow
- Heart
- Kidney
- Liver
- Lung
|
| Miscellaneous causes |
- Ankylosing spondylitis
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- Epidermolysis bullosa
- Idiopathic hypercalciuria
- Multiple sclerosis
- Rheumatoid arthritis
|
| Genetic disorders |
- Homocystinuria due to cystathionine deficiency
- Hypophosphatasia
- Osteogenesis imperfecta
|
