Version May 2024
| Large vessel atherothrombotic stroke |
| More common |
| Bifurcation of the common carotid artery |
| Siphon portion of the common carotid artery |
| Middle cerebral artery stem |
| Intracranial vertebral arteries proximal to middle basilar artery |
| Origin of the vertebral arteries |
| Less common |
| Origin of the common carotid artery |
| Posterior cerebral artery stem |
| Origin of the major branches of the basilar-vertebral arteries |
| Origin of the branches of the anterior, middle, and posterior cerebral arteries |
| Small vessel (lacunar) stroke |
| Mechanism |
| Lipohyalinotic occlusion |
| Less frequently proximal atherothrombotic occlusion |
| Least likely embolic occlusion |
| Most common locations |
| Penetrating branches of the anterior, middle, and posterior cerebral and basilar arteries |
| Cardioaortic embolic stroke |
| Cardiac sources definite - antithrombotic therapy generally used |
| Left atrial thrombus |
| Left ventricular thrombus |
| Atrial fibrillation and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation |
| Sustained atrial flutter |
| Recent myocardial infarction (within one month) |
| Rheumatic mitral or aortic valve disease |
| Bioprosthetic and mechanical heart valve |
| Chronic myocardial infarction with ejection fraction <28 percent |
| Symptomatic heart failure with ejection fraction <30 percent |
| Dilated cardiomyopathy |
| Cardiac sources definite - anticoagulation hazardous |
| Bacterial endocarditis (exception nonbacterial) |
| Atrial myxoma |
| Cardiac sources possible |
| Mitral annular calcification |
| Patent foramen ovale |
| Atrial septal aneurysm |
| Atrial septal aneurysm with patent foramen ovale |
| Left ventricular aneurysm without thrombus |
| Isolated left atrial spontaneous echo contrast ("smoke") without mitral stenosis or atrial fibrillation |
| Mitral valve strands |
| Ascending aortic atheromatous disease (>4 mm) |
| True unknown source embolic stroke |
| Other |
| Dissection |
| Moyamoya |
| Binswanger's disease |
| Primary thrombosis |
| Cerebral mass |
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