Version May 2024
| Disease category | Examples | Findings in BAL fluid |
| Malignancy | Lymphangitic carcinomatosis | Malignant cells |
| Bronchioloalveolar cell carcinoma | Malignant cells | |
| Pulmonary lymphoma | Malignant cells | |
| Diseases due to inhaled (exogenous) material | Lipoid pneumonia | Fat globules in macrophages (oil-red-O-stain) |
| Multinucleated giant cells | ||
| Asbestosis | Ferruginous bodies | |
| Silicosis | Dust particles seen by polarized microscopy | |
| Berylliosis | Positive lymphocyte transformation test to beryllium salts | |
| Inflammatory | Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage | Large numbers of erythrocytes |
| Hemosiderin-laden macrophages (iron stain) | ||
| Sequential lavages progressively more hemorrhagic | ||
| Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia | Eosinophils ≥40 percent | |
| Idiopathic acute eosinophilic pneumonia | Eosinophils ≥25 percent | |
| Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis | Lipoproteinaceous material (periodic acid-Schiff stain) | |
| Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis (Histiocytosis X) | Monoclonal antibody (T6) positive histiocytes | |
| CD1 positive Langerhans cells >5 percent | ||
| Birbeck granules in lavaged macrophages (seen by electron microscopy) |
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