Version May 2024
| Contributory factors | Focus of counseling | Examples |
| Strong desire for a baby | Identify what fuels the wish; redirect energy toward other ways to achieve similar goals | Helping a socially isolated woman focus on making new friends[1] |
| Misconceptions about fertility | Psychoeducation | Teaching a woman that it is the man's sperm that determines a baby's sex, so she is not "to blame" for having only girl babies[2] |
| Lack of awareness of emotions; use of denial as a primary coping mechanism | Help patient recognize and articulate emotions | Helping a woman voice anger at her husband for pressuring her to have a tubal ligation[3] |
| Helplessness (eg, due to poverty and/or abuse) | Focus on aspects of her life that patient can control | Helping a woman find resources to leave an abusive relationship[4] |
| Low self esteem | Help patient identify her strengths | Helping a woman notice how she has social value without being pregnant[5] |
| Losses | Grief counseling | Working through suppressed feelings about a past miscarriage[1] |
| Cognitive bias – "jumping to conclusions" and not questioning conclusions | Cognitive reframing | Helping a woman consider other explanations for physical sensations[2] |
آیا می خواهید مدیلیب را به صفحه اصلی خود اضافه کنید؟
