Pulsed wave Doppler echocardiogram in mitral stenosis

Pulsed wave Doppler in a patient with mitral stenosis shows reduced diastolic flow after the E point (ie, reduced E-F slope), indicating reduced excursion of the mitral valve leaflet. The peak velocity is increased to over 2 m/s, translating into a transvalvular gradient of 16 mmHg. There is also an increase in the amplitude of the A wave.