- Nasal and paranasal sinus disease:
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- Rhinosinusitis, nasal polyps, allergic rhinitis, olfactory neuroblastoma
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- Postinfectious (postviral)
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- Posttraumatic (facial or head injury)
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- Central nervous system disorders (nontraumatic):
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- Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, pure autonomic failure, multiple systems atrophy, stroke, Kallman syndrome, idiopathic intracranial hypertension (pseudotumor cerebri), multiple sclerosis, malignancy, meningioma
|
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- Environmental and chemical exposures:
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- Methyl acrylate vapors, ammonia, benzene, cadmium dust, chromate, formaldehyde, hydrogen sulfide, nickel dust, solvents, sulfuric acid, ozone, lead, manganese, tobacco, cocaine
|
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- Hypothyroidism, diabetes mellitus
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