Noninfectious causes of arthritis/arthralgia in children

Noninfectious arthritis
Hemarthrosis	May be the first presentation of bleeding disorder
Inflammatory bowel disease	Extra-articular manifestations include abdominal pain, diarrhea, growth failure, weight loss, rectal bleeding, perianal skin tags, and dermatologic findings (eg, erythema nodosum, pyoderma gangrenosum)
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis	Joints are warm and markedly swollen, but not especially painful (patient remains ambulatory); the hip is rarely the initial joint; gradual onset of symptoms
Psoriatic arthritis	Positive family history, nail pitting, psoriatic rash; painful tendon or ligament insertions (enthesitis)
Kawasaki disease	Fever; conjunctivitis; erythema of the lips and oral mucosa; rash; extremity changes; lymphadenopathy
Serum sickness	Rash (usually urticarial); fever; lymphadenopathy; polyarthralgia or polyarthritis, beginning 1 to 2 weeks after exposure to the inciting agent; usually involves the metacarpophalangeal joints, knees, wrists, ankles, and shoulders; swelling and erythema are uncommon
Henoch-Schönlein purpura	Palpable purpura; arthritis/arthralgia; abdominal pain; renal disease

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