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Trypanosoma cruzi infection prevalence estimates for countries in which vector-borne transmission occurs or has occurred in the past

Trypanosoma cruzi infection prevalence estimates for countries in which vector-borne transmission occurs or has occurred in the past
Region Endemic countries Estimated seroprevalence (%)* Estimated number of infected individuals*
North America United States NDA 300,000
Mexico 0.78 876,000
Central America BelizeΔ 0.33 1000
Costa RicaΔ 0.17 8000
El SalvadorΔ 1.30 90,000
GuatemalaΔ 1.23 167,000
HondurasΔ 0.92 73,000
NicaraguaΔ 0.52 29,000
PanamaΔ 0.52 18,000
South America Argentina◊ 3.64 1,505,000
Boliviaפ 6.10 607,000
Brazilפ 0.61 1,157,000
Chile◊ 0.70 120,000
Colombia§¥ 0.96 438,000
Ecuador§¥ 1.38 200,000
French Guiana§ 0.84 13,000
Paraguay◊ 2.13 185,000
Peru§¥ 0.44 128,000
Uruguay◊ 0.24 8000
Venezuela§¥ 0.71 193,000
NDA: no data available.
* Disease burden estimates based on references[1-3].
¶ The United States is not generally considered endemic, but established enzootic transmission cycles exist across the southern half of the country. Documented local transmission to humans is rare, but infected vectors and reservoir hosts are fairly frequent. Nevertheless, the vast majority of infected individuals living in the United States are immigrants who were infected in their country of origin.
Δ Member countries of Initiative of the Countries of Central America for Control of Vector-Borne and Transfusional Transmission and Medical Care for Chagas Disease (IPCA).
◊ Member countries of the Southern Cone Initiative to Control/Eliminate Chagas Disease (INCOSUR).
§ Member countries of Initiative of the Amazon Countries for Surveillance and Control of Chagas Disease (AMCHA).
¥ Member countries of Initiative of the Andean Countries to Control Vectoral and Transfusional Transmission of Chagas Disease (IPA).
References:
  1. Chagas disease in Latin America: An epidemiological update based on 2010 estimates. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 2015; 90:33.
  2. Bern C, Montgomery SP. An estimate of the burden of Chagas disease in the United States. Clin Infect Dis 2009; 49:e52.
  3. Manne-Goehler J, Umeh CA, Montgomery SP, Wirtz VJ. Estimating the burden of Chagas disease in the United States. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0005033.
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