2D and M-mode echocardiographic images of the normal aortic root from the parasternal short axis position

The M-mode beam is directed through the two dimensional image of the aortic root at the base of the heart (panel A). The resulting M-mode echocardiogram (panel B) demonstrates normal systolic and diastolic motion patterns; the anterior excursion is over 14 mm and the diastolic posterior excursion mainly occurs early in diastole. The aortic (Ao) valve leaflets open as widely as the internal dimensions of the root permit and remain open throughout systole, creating a box-like configuration. The anterior motion of the root and the behavior of the valve are typical findings when the stroke volume is normal.