| Type 1 diabetes (beta cell destruction, usually leading to absolute insulin deficiency) |
- Immune-mediated
|
- Idiopathic
|
| Type 2 diabetes (may range from predominantly insulin resistance with relative insulin deficiency to a predominantly secretory defect with insulin resistance) |
| Other specific types |
- Genetic defects of beta cell function
|
- Chromosome 12, HNF-1-alpha (MODY3)
- Chromosome 7, glucokinase (MODY2)
- Chromosome 20, HNF-4-alpha (MODY1)
- Chromosome 13, insulin promoter factor-1 (IPF-1; MODY4)
- Chromosome 17, HNF-1-beta (MODY5)
- Chromosome 2, NeuroD1 (MODY6)
- Mitochondrial DNA
- Others
|
- Genetic defects in insulin action
|
- Type A insulin resistance
- Leprechaunism
- Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome
- Lipoatrophic diabetes
- Others
|
- Diseases of the exocrine pancreas
|
- Pancreatitis
- Trauma/pancreatectomy
- Neoplasia
- Cystic fibrosis
- Hemochromatosis
- Fibrocalculous pancreatopathy
- Others
|
- Endocrinopathies
|
- Acromegaly
- Cushing syndrome
- Glucagonoma
- Pheochromocytoma
- Hyperthyroidism
- Somatostatinoma
- Aldosteronoma
- Others
|
- Drug or chemical induced
|
- Vacor
- Pentamidine
- Nicotinic acid
- Glucocorticoids
- Thyroid hormone
- Diazoxide
- Beta-adrenergic agonists
- Thiazides
- Atypical antipsychotics
- Dilantin
- Alpha interferon
- Others
|
- Infections
|
- Congenital rubella
- Cytomegalovirus
- Others
|
- Uncommon forms of immune-mediated diabetes
|
- "Stiff-person" syndrome
- Anti-insulin receptor antibodies
- Others
|
- Other genetic syndromes sometimes associated with diabetes
|
- Down syndrome
- Klinefelter syndrome
- Turner syndrome
- Wolfram syndrome
- Friederich ataxia
- Huntington disease
- Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome
- Myotonic dystrophy
- Porphyria
- Prader-Willi syndrome
- Others
|
| Gestational diabetes mellitus |
| Patients with any form of diabetes may require insulin treatment at some stage of their disease. Such use of insulin does not, of itself, classify the patient. |
