| 3. Endocrine function and metabolism |
| Metabolism |
| Lipolysis |
| Glycogenolysis |
| Adrenal gland |
| Stimulation of adrenal steroidogenesis |
| Kidney |
| Stimulation of renin secretion |
| Pancreas |
| Release of insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide |
| Pituitary/hypothalamus |
| Release of prolactin, oxytocin, and vasopressin |
| Thyroid |
| Stimulation of hormone secretion |
| 4. Urogenital system |
| Inhibition or myoelectrical and smooth muscle activity |
| Potential of electrically induced and pilocarpine-induced prostatic secretion |
| 5. Respiratory system |
| Bronchodilation |
| Stimulation of submucosal gland secretion |
| 6. Central nervous system |
| Excitation of cerebral cortical and spinal cord neurons |
| Hyperthermia |
| Stimulation or glycogenolysis and of glucose utilization |
| Hypnogenic and antidipsogenic effects |
| 7. Immune system |
| Inhibition of mitogen-induced transformation of T-lymphocytes |
| Stimulation of Ig synthesis |
| Inhibition of mast cell histamine release |
| Inhibition of Th1 immune responses |
| Promotion of Th2 immune responses |
